Developing Classes to Cultivate "the Qualities and Capabilities of Aiming at the Fostering of Abilities in Japanese": Through the Practice of "Ya! is the Beginning" in the First Year

本研究は，子どもたちの実態に合わせて「国語科において育成を目指す資質・能力」を設定し，その資質・能力を効果的に育成する授業を開発することを目的とした。今回は小学校第1学年の「はじめは『や！』」を題材とした。国語科において育成を目指す資質・能力は，「言葉で課題を多角的に精査するための思考力」「言語生活の向上を志すことで，自分の人生を豊かにしようとする態度」とした。育成に向けて，ノートを用いた一問一答のやりとりを行うこと，年長児に題材を読み聞かせる場を設定することを手立てとして講じたことが特徴である。この研究により，ノートを使ったやりとりを子どもたちと個別に行うことは，子どもたちの思考を引き出したり，様々な考えを授業の中で効呆的に引き合わせたりすることにつながり，子どもたちが課題を多角的にとらえるために有効であった。また言語活動の充実を図ることが主体的な学びを引き出し，資質・能力の育成に大きく影響を与えることを明らかにすることができた。The purpose of this study was to develop classes that cultivate the qualities and abilities effectively by setting the goal "aim at fostering the qualities and abilities in Japanese" with keeping in step with the reality of students. The material of this study is a unit "Ya! is the beginning"-in first grade of elementary school. The qualities and abilities in Japanese language education to be developed are the ability to think in investigating a subject with a multidimensional perspective by language, and the attitude toward enriching our lives through setting our mind on upgrading the language ability. In this research, students were asked to exchange question and answers through a notebook, and read aloud the material to pre-schoolers. The results suggest that exchanging questions and answers through a notebook independently helped students to bring out their independent thinking and then bring a variety of thinking together with effect in class; therefore, students effectively understood the material from various angles. In addition, the results also revealed that the attempt to enrich language activity managed to bring out students-centered learning, and greatly influenced on the fostering qualities and abilities